One
of the controversial measures of Rajajiwas the introduction of Hindi as
a compulsorysubject in schools. This was considered to bea form of
Aryan and North Indian impositiondetrimental to Tamil language and
culture,and therefore caused much public resentment.E.V.R. led a massive
campaign against it.He organised an anti-Hindi Conference atSalem. It
formulated a definite programmeof action. The Scheduled Castes
Federationand the Muslim League extended its supportto the anti-Hindi
agitation. Natarajan andThalamuthu, two of the enthusiastic agitators
died
in prison. A rally was organised fromTiruchirappalli to Madras. More
than 1200protestors including E.V.R. were arrested.After the resignation
of the Congress Ministry,the Governor of Madras who took over thereigns
of administration removed Hindi ascompulsory subject.Europeans
established their political powerover Indian subcontinent in the latter
half of theeighteenth century. While they were concernedwith annexing
India, by the beginning ofthe nineteenth century they were
reorderingIndian society. New revenue settlements weremade.
Influenced by British Utilitarian ideasand evangelicals they also tried
to impose theircultural superiority over the Indian people.This caused a
reaction among the Indians.During the nineteenth century, educated
Indiansfrom different parts of the country began tofeel the humiliation
and responded by seekingtheir socio-cultural identity from their
past.However, they understood some merits in thecolonial arguments and
were ready to reform.It resulted in the social and religious
reformmovements in modern India. This particularhistorical development
is also identified as theIndian renaissance.
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The cultural hegemony of colonialismand the rise of humanism brought several
changes in the socio-cultural life of theIndian subcontinent. Modern Tamil Nadu tooexperienced such a historical transition. Tamillanguage and culture played a
significant role intheir identity construction. The introduction
ofprinting press, linguistic research on Dravidianlanguages, etc...
underpinned the process of
Tamil renaissance. Although religious
literaturewas taken up predominantly for publicationin the early years
after the advent of printingtechnology, things began to change
gradually.Works that can be described as secular weretaken up for
publishing.Maraimalai Adigal promoted the useof pure Tamil words and
removal of theSanskrit influence from the Tamil language.The movement
made a great impact on Tamilculture especially in language and
literature.His daughter Neelambikai, played an importantrole in its
foundation. He changed his ownname Vedachalam and took on the pureTamil
name of Maraimalai Adigal. His journalJnanasagaram was renamed
Arivukkadal andhis institution, Samarasa Sanmarga Sangam,
was re-christened as Pothu Nilai Kalakam.Neelambikai compiled a dictionary thatprovided pure Tamil equivalents to Sanskritwords that had crept into Tamil
vocabulary.On 20 November 1916 around 30prominent non-Brahmin leaders
includingDr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M.Nair and Alamelu
Mangai Thayarammal cametogether to form the South Indian
LiberationFederation (SILF). In the meantime, at ameeting held in the
Victoria Public Hall theNon-Brahmin Manifesto was released inDecember
1916. The manifesto articulated thevoice of the non-Brahmin communities.
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