One of the controversial measures of Rajajiwas the introduction of Hindi as a compulsorysubject in schools. This was considered to bea form of Aryan and North Indian impositiondetrimental to Tamil language and culture,and therefore caused much public resentment.E.V.R. led a massive campaign against it.He organised an anti-Hindi Conference atSalem. It formulated a definite programmeof action. The Scheduled Castes Federationand the Muslim League extended its supportto the anti-Hindi agitation. Natarajan andThalamuthu, two of the enthusiastic agitators
died in prison. A rally was organised fromTiruchirappalli to Madras. More than 1200protestors including E.V.R. were arrested.After the resignation of the Congress Ministry,the Governor of Madras who took over thereigns of administration removed Hindi ascompulsory subject.Europeans established their political powerover Indian subcontinent in the latter half of theeighteenth century. While they were concernedwith annexing India, by the beginning ofthe nineteenth century they were reorderingIndian society. New revenue settlements were
made. Influenced by British Utilitarian ideasand evangelicals they also tried to impose theircultural superiority over the Indian people.This caused a reaction among the Indians.During the nineteenth century, educated Indiansfrom different parts of the country began tofeel the humiliation and responded by seeking
their socio-cultural identity from their past.However, they understood some merits in thecolonial arguments and were ready to reform.It resulted in the social and religious reformmovements in modern India. This particularhistorical development is also identified as theIndian renaissance.
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The cultural hegemony of colonialismand the rise of humanism brought several
changes in the socio-cultural life of theIndian subcontinent. Modern Tamil Nadu too
experienced such a historical transition. Tamillanguage and culture played a significant role intheir identity construction. The introduction ofprinting press, linguistic research on Dravidianlanguages, etc... underpinned the process of
Tamil renaissance. Although religious literaturewas taken up predominantly for publicationin the early years after the advent of printingtechnology, things began to change gradually.Works that can be described as secular weretaken up for publishing.Maraimalai Adigal promoted the useof pure Tamil words and removal of theSanskrit influence from the Tamil language.The movement made a great impact on Tamilculture especially in language and literature.His daughter Neelambikai, played an importantrole in its foundation. He changed his ownname Vedachalam and took on the pureTamil name of Maraimalai Adigal. His journalJnanasagaram was renamed Arivukkadal andhis institution, Samarasa Sanmarga Sangam,
was re-christened as Pothu Nilai Kalakam.Neelambikai compiled a dictionary that
provided pure Tamil equivalents to Sanskritwords that had crept into Tamil vocabulary.On 20 November 1916 around 30prominent non-Brahmin leaders includingDr. C. Natesanar, Sir Pitti Theyagarayar, T.M.Nair and Alamelu Mangai Thayarammal cametogether to form the South Indian LiberationFederation (SILF). In the meantime, at ameeting held in the Victoria Public Hall theNon-Brahmin Manifesto was released inDecember 1916. The manifesto articulated thevoice of the non-Brahmin communities.
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