Inundation Canals:
• In this, water is taken out directly from the rivers without making any
kind of barrage or dam.
• Such canals are useful for the diversion of flood water from the rivers
and remain operational during rainy season.
Perennial Canals:
• These are developed from perennial rivers by constructing barrage to regulatethe flow of water.
• About 60 percent of the canal irrigated area falls in the northern plainsof India,
• A tank is a natural or man-made hollowon the surface developed by constructinga small bund around it acrossa stream.
• It is used to collect and store water forirrigation and other purposes.
• Irrigation by tanks is a very old systemin India.
• It also includes irrigation from lakes andponds.
• Rain gun is used to spreadwater like rain. Itcan be used to water thecrops which grow upto4 feet. It is useful toirrigate the crops likesugarcane and maize.
Shifting Agriculture
• This type of agriculture is performed by tribal people in a piece of forestland after clearing the trees through felling and burning the trunksand branches.
• Once the land is cleared, crops are grown for two to three years and theland will get abandoned as the fertility of the soil decreases.
• The farmers then move to new areas and the process will be repeated .
• They cultivate some grains and vegetable crops using the manual labour It is also called as “Slash and burn” cultivation
Wheat
• Wheat is the second most important food crop of the country, after rice
• It accounts for 22 percent of the total area and 34 percent of the totalproduction of food grains in the country.
• It requires 10-15°C at the time of sowing and 20-25°C at the time of ripeningof grains.
• Over 85% of the India’s wheat production comes from 5 states namelyUttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh.
• Apart from these regions, the black soil tract of the Deccan covering partsof Maharashtra and Gujarat also contribute a major wheat production.
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