Rammohan Roy founded the BrahmoSamaj on 20 August 1828. He opened a templein Calcutta, where there was no image. Therehe laid down that ‘no religion should be reviledor slightly or contemptuously spoken off oralluded to.’ The Samaj forbade idol-worshipand condemned meaningless religious rites andceremonies. However, from the beginning, theappeal of the Brahmo Samaj remained limited
to the intellectuals and enlightened Bengalis.Though the Samaj failed to attract the peoplefrom the lower sections of society, its impacton the culture of modern Bengal and its middleclass was quite significant.
Tamil Nadu accounts for 60 per centof leather tanning capacity in India and 38
per cent of all leather footwear, garmentsand components. Hundreds of leather and
tannery
facilities are located around Velloreand its nearby towns, such as
Ranipet, Amburand Vaniyambadi. The Vellore district is thetop exporter
of finished leather goods in thecountry. Chennai also has a large
numberof leather product making units involved inexports. There is
another clustering of leatherprocessing in Dindigul and Erode. The
leatherproducts sector too is a major employment
generatorSivakasi
region, once famous for its match industry has now become a major centre
for printing and fireworks in the country. It is believed to contribute
to 90% of India’s fireworks production, 80% of safety matches and 60%
of offset printing solutions.The offset printing industry has a high
degree
of specialisation among firms with several of them undertaking just one operation
required
for printing. All these industries have their origin in the colonial
period and at present offer employment to a large number of
workers.Though Tamil Nadu has emerged as a relatively highly
industrialised state in the country, the state faces a few issues in
sustaining the process. To begin with, some clusters,
especially
chemicals, textiles and leather clusters, tend to generate a lot of
polluting effluents that affect health. The effluents also pollute water
bodies into which effluents are let into and also adjoining
agricultural lands.Second, employment generation potential has declined
because of use of frontier technologies because of the need to compete
globally. Quality of employment also has suffered in recent years as
most workers are employed only temporarily. English education, introduced with theobject of producing clerks, also produced anew
English-educated middle class. This classcame under the influence of
western ideas andthoughts. Christianity also had its effect on thenewly
emerging middle class. Though small innumber, the educated middle class
began to takea lead in political as well as in reform movements.The
Indian reformers were, however, quitehesitant to subject their old
notions and habitsto critical scrutiny. Instead they attempted
toharmonize both Indian and Western cultures.Their ideas and their
actions helped to mitigatesocial evils such as sati, female infanticide,
and child marriage and various superstitious beliefs Deeply concerned
with the prevailing customs of sati, child marriage, and polygamy he
published tracts against them and petitioned the government to legislate
against them. He advocated the rights of widows to remarry. He wanted
polygamy to end. He appealed to reason and humanity and compassion of
the people.His campaign played a key role in forcingthe
Governor-General William Bentinck’s legislation abolishing sati in
1829.
Rammohan Roy condemned the subjugation of women and opposed the
prevailing ideas that women were inferior to men. He strongly advocated education
for
women. He gave his full support for the introduction of English
language and western sciences in schools and colleges. Rammohan Roy
founded the Brahmo
Samaj on 20 August 1828. He opened a temple in
Calcutta, where there was no image. There he laid down that ‘no religion
should be reviled or slightly or contemptuously spoken off oralluded
to.’ The Samaj forbade idol-worship
and condemned meaningless
religious rites and ceremonies. However, from the beginning, the appeal
of the Brahmo Samaj remained limited to the intellectuals and
enlightened Bengalis. Though the Samaj failed to attract the people from
the lower sections of society, its impact on the culture of modern
Bengal and its middle
class was quite significant.
12th class Tamil | Half Yearly Exam 2023 |Important Questions
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