Ad Code

Ticker

6/recent/ticker-posts

7th class| Term 2 Exam 2022 - 2023| Original Question Papers|7th standard second term question paper 2023 tamilnadu|7th standard second term question paper 2023 tamil medium

தமிழ் மொழி 10:10 PM



India experienced an early development of cultures and civilisations. Since the Old StoneAge, several groups in India had migrated
multiple times and made cultural adaptations to diverse eco-zones. Each group evolved its own culture responding to their living experiences
in each place, which eventually led to pluralistic beliefs and systems. From a life of foraging through nomadic pastoralism, the settlers in
Indus region reached a matured stage of living in the Bronze Age.
This chapter focuses on the history of India from the first settlement of humans in the Stone Age, up to the decline of the Indus Civilisation.
It dwells on the Neolithic cultures as well. 

 Sources

Archaeological sources form the bedrock of information for us to understand this long span of time in Indian history. They include
archaeological sites, geological sediments, animal bones and fossils, stone tools, bone tools, rock paintings and artefacts. There is no written evidence for this period. Although the Harappans used a script, it is yet to be deciphered.

 The human genes also constitute an important source for understanding pre-historic migrations. The mitochondrial DNA (mt-DNA) studies provide information on pre-historic migrations. Scientists are trying to extract ancient DNA from the bones of the pre- historic era to understand human dispersals.Language is another important source of history. Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman language families have
flourished in India. These languages developed and evolved during the various phases of migrations in Indian history.

 Hominin and Animal Fossils
 

Unlike Africa, evidence of hominin [immediate ancestor of Homo Sapiens] fossil is rare in India. There is a report of a fossil fragment discovered by Robert Bruce Foote from Athirampakkam. Its whereabouts are not
known now. The only well-known hominin fossil of India was found at Hathnora near Hoshangabad in Madhya Pradesh. The cranium is named Narmada human. It is considered to represent the Archaic Homo sapiens. It is the only existing fossil find of human ancestors in India.

7th Tamil | தமிழ்

7th English | ஆங்கிலம்

7th Maths | கணிதம்

7th Science | அறிவியல்

7th Social | சமூக அறிவியல்

7th PET | உடற்கல்வி அறிவியல்

7th EVS | சுற்றுசூழல் அறிவியல்



7th Urdu | உருது

  • 7th Urdu - Term 2 Exam 2022 - Original Question Paper | Tirupattur District | Mr. A. Mohammed Ali - Download Pdf 

     

    Middle Palaeolithic Culture After about 4,00,000 years BP (Before Present), changes took place in the lithic technology and the species of human ancestors diverged. The species of Homo erectus existed in this period. Some of the Middle Palaeolithic tools are attributed to behavioural modernity.
    Anatomically modern humans are said to have emerged around 3,00,000 years ago. In India, the Middle Palaeolithic phase was first identified by H.D. Sankalia on the Pravara River at Nevasa. After this discovery, several sites of
    this period have been identified. Recently, the Middle Palaeolithic of Athirampakkam is dated to be around 3.85-1.72 lakh years BP. Indian Middle Palaeolithics probably may be as old as the African Middle Palaeolithic culture.

Industries and Tool Types

The tool types of the Middle Palaeolithic period are hand axes, cleavers, choppers,
chopping tools, scrapers, borers and points, projectile points or shouldered points, and knives on flakes. Flake industry was predominant in the Middle Palaeolithic period and tools such as scrapers, points and borers were made. Scrapers
were used for wood and skin working.

Chronology

The Middle Palaeolithic culture in India is dated between 3,85,000 and 40,000 BCE (BC). While the African Middle Stone Age is associated with the Homo sapiens, it is associated with the Neanderthals in Europe. No hominin fossil bones of this species have been found in India.After the Ice Age, with the advent of global warming, human groups became highly mobile and began to occupy various eco-zones. The
monsoon pattern had already emerged. Some regions witnessed higher rainfall. At Didwana inwestern Rajasthan, fresh water lakes were known to exist between 10,000 and 3500 BP. The animal bones from this period suggest a dry deciduous
type of forest during the Mesolithic period.



தமிழ் மொழி

இடுகையிட்டது தமிழ் மொழி

கருத்துரையிடுக

0 கருத்துகள்