English education, introduced with theobject of producing clerks, also producedanew English-educated middle class. This classcame under the influence of western ideas andthoughts. Christianity also had its effect on thenewly emerging middle class. Though small innumber, the educated middle class began to take
a lead in political as well as in reform movements.The Indian reformers were, however, quitehesitant to subject their old notions and habitsto critical scrutiny. Instead they attempted toharmonize both Indian and Western cultures.Their ideas and their actions helped to mitigatesocial evils such as sati, female infanticide, and
child marriage and various superstitious beliefs.12th class Economics Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 Model Question Paperandthoughts. Christianity also had its effect on thenewly emerging middle class. Though small innumber, the educated middle class began to takea lead in political as well as in reform movements.The Indian reformers were, however, quitehesitant to subject their old notions and habitsto critical scrutiny. Instead they attemptedRamakrishna (l836–86), a simple priestof Dakshineswar near Kolkata, emphasisedthe spiritual union with god through ecstaticpractices such as singing bhajans. An ardentworshipper of goddess Kali, the sacredmother, he declared that the manifestations ofthe divine mother were infinite. In his view,all religions contain the universal elementswhich, if practised, would lead to salvation.He said, “Jiva is Siva” (all living beings are
God). Service for man, must be regarded as God.’12th class Economics Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 Model Question.
a lead in political as well as in reform movements.The Indian reformers were, however, quitehesitant to subject their old notions and habitsto critical scrutiny. Instead they attempted toharmonize both Indian and Western cultures.Their ideas and their actions helped to mitigatesocial evils such as sati, female infanticide, and
child marriage and various superstitious beliefs.12th class Economics Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 Model Question Paperandthoughts. Christianity also had its effect on thenewly emerging middle class. Though small innumber, the educated middle class began to takea lead in political as well as in reform movements.The Indian reformers were, however, quitehesitant to subject their old notions and habitsto critical scrutiny. Instead they attemptedRamakrishna (l836–86), a simple priestof Dakshineswar near Kolkata, emphasisedthe spiritual union with god through ecstaticpractices such as singing bhajans. An ardentworshipper of goddess Kali, the sacredmother, he declared that the manifestations ofthe divine mother were infinite. In his view,all religions contain the universal elementswhich, if practised, would lead to salvation.He said, “Jiva is Siva” (all living beings are
God). Service for man, must be regarded as God.’12th class Economics Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 Model Question.
In India the movementbecame further popularwith the election of Annie
Besant (1847–1933) as itspresident after the death ofOlcott. She played a role in
Indian nationalist politics,and formed the Home RuleLeague demanding homerule to India on the lines of Ireland. AnnieBesant spread Theosophical ideas through her
newspapers called New India and Commonweal.Deoband was a revivalist movementorganized by the orthodox Muslim Ulema. TheUlema under the leadership of MuhammadQasimWanotavi (1832-80) and Rashid AhmadGangotri (1828-1905) founded the school atDeoband in the Saharanpur district of the U.P
in 1866. The school curricula shut out Englisheducation and western culture. The instructionimparted was in original Islamic religion andthe aim was moral and religious regeneration ofthe Muslim community.Maulana Mahmud-ul-Hassan became thenew Deoband leader. The Jamait-Ul-Ulema(council of theologians) led by him gave aconcrete shape to Hassan’s ideas of protection of the religious and political rights of the Muslims in the overall context of Indian unity.
Besant (1847–1933) as itspresident after the death ofOlcott. She played a role in
Indian nationalist politics,and formed the Home RuleLeague demanding homerule to India on the lines of Ireland. AnnieBesant spread Theosophical ideas through her
newspapers called New India and Commonweal.Deoband was a revivalist movementorganized by the orthodox Muslim Ulema. TheUlema under the leadership of MuhammadQasimWanotavi (1832-80) and Rashid AhmadGangotri (1828-1905) founded the school atDeoband in the Saharanpur district of the U.P
in 1866. The school curricula shut out Englisheducation and western culture. The instructionimparted was in original Islamic religion andthe aim was moral and religious regeneration ofthe Muslim community.Maulana Mahmud-ul-Hassan became thenew Deoband leader. The Jamait-Ul-Ulema(council of theologians) led by him gave aconcrete shape to Hassan’s ideas of protection of the religious and political rights of the Muslims in the overall context of Indian unity.
- 12th Economics - Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 - Model Question Paper 1 | Mr. V.G.P. Chandran - Tamil Medium PDF Download
- 12th Economics - Half Yearly Exam 2023 - 2024 - Model Question Paper 2 | Mr. V.G.P. Chandran - Tamil Medium PDF Download
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Among the Sikhs of Punjab too there were attempts to reform. Baba Dayal Das, founder of the Nirankari Movement, stressed the worship of god as Nirankar (formless). Rejection of idols, rejection of rituals associated with idolatry, reverence for the authority of Guru Nanak and of the Adi Granth formed the essence of
his teachings. He reiterated the prohibition on meat-eating, and liquor consumption.The Namdhari Movement, founded by Baba Ram Singh, was another socio-religious movement among the Sikhs. The Namdharis insisted on wearing the symbols of Sikhism except the kirpan (sword). Instead Baba Ram Singh wanted his followers to carry a lathi. It considered both men and women equal and
accepted widow remarriage. It prohibited the
dowry system and child marriage.
his teachings. He reiterated the prohibition on meat-eating, and liquor consumption.The Namdhari Movement, founded by Baba Ram Singh, was another socio-religious movement among the Sikhs. The Namdharis insisted on wearing the symbols of Sikhism except the kirpan (sword). Instead Baba Ram Singh wanted his followers to carry a lathi. It considered both men and women equal and
accepted widow remarriage. It prohibited the
dowry system and child marriage.
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