India and Bangladesh
India
was the first nation to acknowledge Bangladesh (the former East
Pakistan) as an independent country. India and Bangladesh share the
longest land boundary of 4096.7 kilometres. India has plans to implement
the proposed rail connectivity between Agartala (India) and Akhaura
(Bangladesh).Bangladesh has granted India road transit facility through
its territories from Kolkata to Agartala via Dhaka under BBIN-MVA
(Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Motor Vehicle Agreement). The Farakka
accord on sharing of Ganga waters signed in 1977 is a historic
agreement. India and Bangladesh share 54 common rivers and a bilateral
Joint River Commission is working to maximise benefits from common river
systems. The
Government of India provides grant assistance for
project under ‘Aid to Bangladesh’ for the construction of buildings,
laboratories, dispensaries and deep tube wells. In addition,
scholarships are granted by ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations)
every year to students from Bangladesh and it has initiated
a Tagore Chair in University of Dhaka. Both the countries jointly inaugurated the
construction of 130-kilometre Bangladesh India Friendship Pipeline between Siliguri inWest Bengal and Parbatipur (Bangladesh)
India and Bhutan
Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom,popularly known as a land of thunderbolt,
is
one of the poorest countries of the world.The diplomatic relations
between India andBhutan were established in 1968 with theappointments of
a resident representative ofIndia in Thimphu. Bhutan is a
landlockednation. So it is highly dependent on Indiafor access to sea.
India is the principalcontributor in the economic development of Bhutan.
India declared the bilateral traderelation known as ‘Bharat to Bhutan’
(B2B).India provides scholarship to Bhutanese
students to study in
prestigious institutionsof higher learning and offered help in settingup
a digital library in Bhutan. The prestigious Nehru-Wangchuk Scholarship
is being awarded to deserving and talented Bhutanese nationals to
undertake studies in selected premier Indian educational institutions.
The hydel power sector represents one of the main indicators of
bilateral co-operation between
India and Bhutan. So far, Government of India has constructed three hydroelectric
projects
in Bhutan (Chukha, Kurichchu and Tala). India has helped Bhutan in
developing that country’s infrastructure by establishing
telecommunication and in the construction of hospitals, roads and
bridges.
India and China
In
terms of geographic and demographic dimension,skilledmanpower and
civilisational depth, China is the only country in the region which
qualifies for comparison with India. China, being the manufacturing hub
of the world, is strategically very importantto India. India and China
share similarity of view on many fronts like World Trade Organisation,
international climate change
talks and reforms of the World Bank.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, which was China’s initiative, has
granted the observer status to India, while SAARC had granted the
observer status to China. Both sides have established more dialogue
mechanisms covering diverse sectors. Bilateral trade has registered
enormous growth. India and China have signed an educational exchange
programme. Under this agreement, scholarships are awarded to 25
students, by both sides, in
recognised institutions of higher learning in each other’s country.
10th Social - 2nd Mid Term 2022 - 2023 | Original Question Paper | Ranipet District
India
was the first nation to acknowledge Bangladesh (the former East
Pakistan) as an independent country. India and Bangladesh share the
longest land boundary of 4096.7 kilometres. India has plans to implement
the proposed rail connectivity between Agartala (India) and Akhaura
(Bangladesh).Bangladesh has granted India road transit facility through
its territories from Kolkata to Agartala via Dhaka under BBIN-MVA
(Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal Motor Vehicle Agreement). The Farakka
accord on sharing of Ganga waters signed in 1977 is a historic
agreement. India and Bangladesh share 54 common rivers and a bilateral
Joint River Commission is working to maximise benefits from common river
systems. The
Government of India provides grant assistance for
project under ‘Aid to Bangladesh’ for the construction of buildings,
laboratories, dispensaries and deep tube wells. In addition,
scholarships are granted by ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations)
every year to students from Bangladesh and it has initiated
a Tagore Chair in University of Dhaka. Both the countries jointly inaugurated the
construction of 130-kilometre Bangladesh India Friendship Pipeline between Siliguri inWest Bengal and Parbatipur (Bangladesh)
Bhutan, a small Himalayan kingdom,popularly known as a land of thunderbolt,
is
one of the poorest countries of the world.The diplomatic relations
between India andBhutan were established in 1968 with theappointments of
a resident representative ofIndia in Thimphu. Bhutan is a
landlockednation. So it is highly dependent on Indiafor access to sea.
India is the principalcontributor in the economic development of Bhutan.
India declared the bilateral traderelation known as ‘Bharat to Bhutan’
(B2B).India provides scholarship to Bhutanese
students to study in
prestigious institutionsof higher learning and offered help in settingup
a digital library in Bhutan. The prestigious Nehru-Wangchuk Scholarship
is being awarded to deserving and talented Bhutanese nationals to
undertake studies in selected premier Indian educational institutions.
The hydel power sector represents one of the main indicators of
bilateral co-operation between
India and Bhutan. So far, Government of India has constructed three hydroelectric
projects
in Bhutan (Chukha, Kurichchu and Tala). India has helped Bhutan in
developing that country’s infrastructure by establishing
telecommunication and in the construction of hospitals, roads and
bridges.
In
terms of geographic and demographic dimension,skilledmanpower and
civilisational depth, China is the only country in the region which
qualifies for comparison with India. China, being the manufacturing hub
of the world, is strategically very importantto India. India and China
share similarity of view on many fronts like World Trade Organisation,
international climate change
talks and reforms of the World Bank.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, which was China’s initiative, has
granted the observer status to India, while SAARC had granted the
observer status to China. Both sides have established more dialogue
mechanisms covering diverse sectors. Bilateral trade has registered
enormous growth. India and China have signed an educational exchange
programme. Under this agreement, scholarships are awarded to 25
students, by both sides, in
recognised institutions of higher learning in each other’s country
USA
India and the United States of America has signed a Communications Compatibility
and Security Agreement (COMCASA) that will lead to a new generation of bilateral
military
partnership. It is valid for a period of 10 years. COMCASA gives India
access to advanced communication technology used in U.S. defence
equipment and allows real-time information sharing between the
militaries of the two countries.
OPEC
OPEC,
the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (a group of
oil-producingnations), is an intergovernmental organisation founded in
Baghdad, Iraq, and headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela are the OPEC’s Founder Members. There are
three categories of memberships:Founder Members, Full Members and
Associate Members. At present there are 15 member nations (two are
located in South America, six in the Middle East and seven in Africa).
OPEC membership is open to any country that exports
crude oil and which shares the ideals of the organisation.
10th Social - 2nd Mid Term Exam | Original Question Paper | Kanchipuram District
India and the United States of America has signed a Communications Compatibility
and Security Agreement (COMCASA) that will lead to a new generation of bilateral
military
partnership. It is valid for a period of 10 years. COMCASA gives India
access to advanced communication technology used in U.S. defence
equipment and allows real-time information sharing between the
militaries of the two countries.OPEC,
the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (a group of
oil-producingnations), is an intergovernmental organisation founded in
Baghdad, Iraq, and headquartered in Vienna, Austria. Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
Saudi Arabia and Venezuela are the OPEC’s Founder Members. There are
three categories of memberships:Founder Members, Full Members and
Associate Members. At present there are 15 member nations (two are
located in South America, six in the Middle East and seven in Africa).
OPEC membership is open to any country that exports
crude oil and which shares the ideals of the organisation.The New Development Bank (NDB) is a multilateral development bank. Its primary focus is lending for infrastructure projects.It aims to contribute to development plans established nationally through projects that are socially, environmentally and economically
sustainable. It gives priority to projects aimed at developing renewable energy sources.
First, the common need among developingcountries to construct an economic order that reflects the current situation will drive the BRICS efforts. In this matter, the idea of NDB and CRA are defining changes and will have huge geo-economic and geopolitical impact. Second, the BRICS alternative idea in the
landscape of global governance will attract support from other countries.
Third, the expansion of BRICS interaction to other sector will make it more strong
partnership.India’s foreign policy has always regarded the concept of neighbourhood as one of widening concentric circles, around the central axis of historical and cultural commonalties. India gives political and diplomatic priority
to her immediate neighbours and the Indian Ocean Island states such as Maldives. This centrality of neighbours in India’s foreign policy stems from the clear understanding that a peaceful periphery is essential for India to achieve her multifarious developmental goals. India provides neighbours with support as
needed in the form of resources, equipment and training. Greater connectivity and integration is provided so as to improve the free flow of goods, people, energy, capital and information.
10th Social - 2nd Mid Term Exam |Original Question Paper | Namakkal District
India is a member of the G20, the East Asia Summit and the BRICS coalition, a
testament to its status as a large country with a fast-growing economy. India aspires for permanent membership on the UN Security Council. And India now has an increasing range of interests, which are anchored in different parts of the world and which stem from a wide range of factors such as the need to secure energy, vital natural resources, the imperative of maintaining open shipping lanes, seeking investments and trade opportunities overseas and the need to secure trade access.
Conclusion
Today India has formal diplomatic relations with most of the nations, besides being the world’s second most populous country, largest democracy and one of the fastest growing country. Though India is not in any major military alliance, our relations with the major powers have acquired a strategic depth. Our common fight against terrorism is a particular element of strength. India has sought to achieve its security and socio-economic advancement while at the same time working for peace, freedom, progress and justice to all nations and peoples. Thus India adheres to the foreign policy principle that ‘in international relations there is no permanent friend and no permanent foe, only the interests are permanent’. New challenges forced India to adjust to new realities. Even then, basic framework of its foreign policy remained more or less the same.
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