Iron and steel industry is called a basic metallurgical industry as its finished
product is used as raw material by host of other industries. Several industries like
engineering,
heavy machines and machine tools, automobile, locomotives and railway
equipment industries use iron and steel as their primary raw material.
Due to this,the steel producing capacity of a country is generally taken
as an indicator of its level of industrial development.Tata Motors,
Maruti Suzuki, Mahindra &
Mahindra and Hindustan Motors are the
largest passenger car manufacturers of Indian companies in the country.
Presence of foreign car companies such as Mercedes Benz, Fiat,General
Motors, Toyota and the recent entry of passenger car manufacturers BMW,
Audi,Volkswagen and Volvo makes the Indian automobile sector a special
one. Tata Motors,Ashok Leyland, Eicher Motors, Mahindra &
Mahindra
and Ford Motors are the major Indian companies which manfacture
commercial vehicles. MAN, ITEC, Mercedes-Benz, Scania and Hyundai are
the foreign companies engage in the manfacture of commercial vehicles.
Two-wheeler manufacturing is dominated by Indian companies like Hero, Bajaj Auto and TVS.
Any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by living
things including humans is called a natural resource. Natural resources include air,
water,
soil, minerals, fossil fuels, plants, wild life etc. Many natural
resources are used as raw materials. They play a vital role in the
economic development of any region. Natural resources are classified on
several basis. Based on continued availability, the resources are
categorised into two types. Renewable
Resources are those which have
natural regeneration after their utilisation Jharkhand is the leading
producer of iron ore with 25% the country’s production.
Singhbhum,
Hazaribagh, Dhanbad and Ranchi districts are its major producers. Odisha
with 21% production ranks second. Sundargarh,Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur and
Keonjhar districts are its major producers. The magnetite production of
Chhattisgarh is 18% (Rajgarh and Bilaspur are its leading districts) and
the
Karnataka is 20% (Chikmangalur, Chitradurga,Shimoga and Dharwad
districts are its major producers). Andhrapradesh and Tamil Nadu produce
about 5% each. Kurnool, Guntur,Cuddapah and Anantapur districts in
Andhra Pradesh and Salem, Namakkal, Tiruvannamalai,Tiruchirappalli,
Coimbatore, Madurai and Tirunelveli districts in Tamil Nadu are notable
for the production of iron ore.
Coal is an inflammable organic substance composed mainly of hydrocarbons.
Coal is available in the form ofsedimentary rocks. It is used in the generation
of
thermal power. It has close association withthe industrial development
of any country. Since it is a valuable one, it is called as “Black
Gold”. Based on carbon content, it is classified in to the following
types.b) Petroleum (or) Crude oil The word petroleum has been derived
from two Latin words petro (meaning – Rock)
and oleum (meaning oil).
Thus petroleum is oil obtained from rocks of the earth. Therefore, it is
also called mineral oil. Petroleum is an inflammable liquid that is
composed of hydrocarbons which constitute 90-95% of petroleum and the
remaining is chiefly organic compounds containing oxygen,
nitrogen,sulphur and traces of organ metallic compounds.
Anthracite: 80 to 90%
Bituminous: 60 to 80%
Lignite: 40 to 60%
Peat: less than 40%
Coal
is an important source of energy in India with its varied and
innumerable uses. It can be converted into gas, oil, electricity and
thermal power. Besides, it forms a basic raw material for the production
of chemicals, dyes,
fertilizers, paints, synthetic and explosives. The Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural
Gas (MOP&NG) is a ministry of the Government of India. It is
responsible for the exploration, production, refining, distribution,
marketing,
import, export, and conservation of petroleum, natural gas, petroleum products,
and liquefied natural gas in India.Indian coal is mostly associated with
Gondwana
series of rocks and is primarily foundin Peninsular India. The states
of Jharkhand, odisha, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh alone account for
nearly 90% of coal reserves of the country. About 2% of India’s coal is
of tertiary
type and is found mostly in Assam and Jammu & Kashmir.
Natural gas usually accompanies the petroleum accumulations. It is naturally
occurring
hydro carbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly
includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a small
percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen sulphides. It is
formed
when layers of decomposed plants and animals are exposed to intense
heat and pressure over thousands of years. It is used as a source of
energy for heating, cooking and electricity generation. It is also used
as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of
plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.The energy
released during nuclear
fission or fusion is used to generate electricity. Nuclear energy is generated mainly
from
the minerals of Uranium and Thorium.The first nuclear power station was
setup at Tarapur near Mumbai in 1969. Later atomic reactors were
installed at Rawatbhata (335MW), near Kota in Rajasthan (100
MW),Kalpakkam (440 MW) and Kudankulam (2,000 MW) in Tamil nadu and
Narora (235 MW) in Uttar Pradesh, Kaiga in (235 MW)in Karnataka and
Kakarapara (235 MW) in Gujarat.
The mass objectives of the solar thermal energy programme, being implemented by
the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Source (MNES) are market development,
commercialisation
and utilisation of heat energy requirement of different applications in
domestic, institutional and industrial sectors. Solar power is used in
water heaters, refrigerators, drying, street lighting, cooking, pumping,
power generator, photovoltaic cells, salon parts etc. Andhra Pradesh,
Gujarat,Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh are the major solar
power producers.Paper Industry produces numerous types of papers that
comes in various use such as sheet paper, paper boxes, tissues, paper
bags, stationery,envelopes and printed-paper products such as books,
periodicals, and newspapers. In India the Soft wood is the principal raw
material used for making paper especially newsprint and high
class
printing papers. Paper is the pre-requisite for education and literacy
and its use is an index of advancement in these two fields as well as
the
overall well being of the society.
8 9 10 SS - Map Book Both Medium
7 EM update soon
Thanks to Rajeshwari Madam Chennai
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