The Neolithic period marked the beginning of agriculture and animal domestication. It is an important phase in Indian history. Early evidence of Neolithic culture is foundin the Fertile Crescent region of Egypt and
Mesopotamia, the Indus region, the Gangesvalley of India and also in China. Between10,000 BCE to 5000 BCE, agriculture emergedin these regions, which led to several culturaldevelopments.The introduction of domestication of
animals and plants resulted in the productionand supply of a large quantity of grains and animal food. The fertile soil deposited by the rivers enhanced the growth of agriculture, generating a surplus of grains. Surplus food
production played a major role in the rise of early civilisations. Large villages came to exist and pottery developed. Permanent residences were built. Hence, the cultural developments of this period are called Neolithic revolution.
The Neolithic cultures of India are divided into various regional cultures and
they flourished in different time periods. In the north-western part of India and Pakistan, it began at a very early date. In north-eastern India, Neolithic cultures appeared at a very late date, around the early historic time.In north-eastern India, Neolithic culture appears at to a very late period. The Neolithic cultures of north-eastern India generally date from 2500-1500 BCE or even later. Shouldered
axes and splayed celts have been found at the sites in Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. Daojali Hading and Sarutaru are
the Neolithic sites in the Assam region. This region bears evidence for shifting cultivation. Cultivation of yams and taro, building stone and wooden memorials for the dead, and the presence of Austro-Asiatic languages are the marked features of this region, which shows cultural similarities with South-east Asia.
The Indus valley site of Harappa was first visited by Charles Mason in 1826 CE
(AD), and Amri by Alexander Burnes in 1831. The site of Harappa was destroyed
for laying the railway line from Lahore to Multan. The seal from this site reached
Alexander Cunningham, the first surveyor of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Alexander Cunningham visited the site in 1853, 1856 and 1875. But the importance of the site and the associated civilisation were not realised until Sir John Marshal took over as the Director General of ASI and initiated research at the site.Sir John Marshal played an important role in the development of archaeology in India.
8th class|social|Annual Exam|Qustion|important Qustion|both medium
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