Any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by living
things including humans is called a natural resource. Natural resources include air,
water, soil, minerals, fossil fuels, plants, wild life etc. Many natural resources are used as raw materials. They play a vital role in the economic development of any region. Natural resources are classified on several basis. Based on continued availability, the resources are categorised into two types. Renewable Resources are those which have natural regeneration after their utilisation. Solar energy, wind energy, biogas, tidalenergy, wave energy etc. are the renewableresources. Non- Renewable resources are thesources that cannot be replaced again afterutilisation. Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.fall under this category.Mineral is a natural substance of organicor inorganic origin with definite chemicalandphysical properties. The process of extractingmineral from the earth is known as mining. Themines near the earth crust are known as openpit mines while the deep mines are known as shaft mines.
Types of Minerals
On the basis of chemical and physical properties, minerals are broadly grouped
under two categories. They are metallic and non-metallic minerals.
Metallic Minerals
Metallic minerals are the minerals which contain one or more metallic elements in
them. Metallic minerals occur in rare, naturally formed concentrations known as mineraldeposits. These deposits consist of a varietyof valuable metals such as iron, manganese, copper, bauxite, nickel, zinc, lead, gold etc
1. Iron ore
Iron ore is the most widely distributed elements of the earth crust, rarely occurs in a ree state. It enters into the composition of many rocks and minerals especially from igneous and metamorphic rocks. The total recoverable reserves of iron ore in India are haematite and magnetite Jharkhand is the leading producer of
iron ore with 25% the country’s production. Singhbhum, Hazaribagh, Dhanbad and Ranchi districts are its major producers. Odisha with 21% production ranks second. Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj, Sambalpur and Keonjhar districts are its major producers. The magnetite production of Chhattisgarh is 18% (Rajgarh and Bilaspur are its leading districts) and the Karnataka is 20% (Chikmangalur, Chitradurga,
Shimoga and Dharwad districts are its major producers). Andhrapradesh and Tamil Nadu produce about 5% each. Kurnool, Guntur, Cuddapah and Anantapur districts in Andhra Pradesh and Salem, Namakkal, Tiruvannamalai,Tiruchirappalli, Coimbatore, Madurai and Tirunelveli districts in Tamil Nadu are notable
for the production of iron ore.
2. Manganese
Manganese is a silvery grey element. Itis very hard and brittle in nature. It is always available in combination with iron, laterite and other minerals. It is an important mineral used for making iron and steel and servesas basic raw material for alloying. It is the most important mineral for making iron and steel. Nearly 10 kg manganese is required for manufacturing one ton of steel. It is also used
in the manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides, paints and batteries.Manganese deposits occur mainly as metamorphosed bedded sedimentary deposits.The largest deposits of manganese is found in Odisha followed by Karnataka, MadhyaPradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Andhra Pradesh,Jharkhand, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Telengana andWest Bengal together constitute about 2% of
the India’s manganese resource. India is the fifth largest producer of manganese in the world.
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