After defeating the French and theirIndian allies in the three Carnatic Wars, the
East
India Company began to consolidateand extend its power and influence.
However,local kings and feudal chieftains resisted this.The first
resistance to East India Company’sterritorial aggrandisement was from
PuliThevar of Nerkattumseval in the Tirunelveliregion. This was followed
by other chieftainsin the Tamil country such as
Velunachiyar,Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the Marudhubrothers, and Dheeran
Chinnamalai. Knownas the Palayakkarars Wars, the culmination ofwhich was
Vellore Revolt of 1806, this earlyresistance to British rule in
Tamilnadu is dealt
with in this lesson. The organized resistance of
thepalayakkarars under Puli Thevar gave anopportunity to the English to
interfere12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024 directlyin the affairs of Tirunelveli. Aided by theRaja of
Travancore, from 1756 to 1763, thepalyakkarars of Tirunelveli led by
Puli Thevarwere in a constant state of rebellion against theNawab’s
authority. Yusuf Khan (also knownas Khan Sahib or, before his conversion
toIslam, Marudhanayagam) who had beensent by the Company was not
prepared toattack Puli Thevar unless the big guns andammunition from
Tiruchirappalli arrived.12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024 As the English were at war with the
French,as well as with Hyder Ali and Marathas, theartillery arrived only
in September 1760. YusufKhan began to batter the Nerkattumsevalfort and
this attack continued for about twomonths. On 16 May 1761 Puli Thevar’s
threemajor forts (Nerkattumseval, Vasudevanallurand Panayur) came under the control ofYusuf Khan.
During
her period in hiding, Velunachiyarorganised an army and succeeded in
securingan alliance with not only Gopala Nayakarbut Hyder Ali as well.
Dalavay (militarychief) Thandavarayanar wrote a letter toSultan Hyder
Ali on behalf of Velunachiyarasking for 5000 infantry and 5000 cavalry
todefeat the English. Velunachiyar explainedin detail in12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024 Urdu all the
problems she hadwith East India Company. She conveyed herstrong
determination to fight the English.Impressed by her courage, Hyder Ali
orderedhis Commandant Syed in Dindigul fort toprovide the required
military assistanceOn his return to Panchalamkurichi,
Kattabomman represented to the MadrasCouncil about how he was ill-treated by
the
collector Jackson. The Council askedKattabomman to appear before a
committeewith William Brown, William Oram 12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024 andJohn Casamajor as members.
Meanwhile,Governor Edward Clive, ordered the releaseof Sivasubramanianar
and the suspension ofthe Collector Jackson. Kattabomman appearedbefore
the Committee that sat on 15 December1798 and reported on what
transpired in
Ramanathapuram. The Committee foundKattabomman was not guilty. Jackson was
dismissed
from service and a new Collector S.R.Lushington appointed. Kattabomman
clearedalmost all the revenue arrears leaving only abalance of 1080
pagodas.
In May 1799, Lord Wellesley issued ordersfrom Madras for
the advance of forces fromTiruchirappalli, Thanjavur and Madurai
toTirunelveli. Major Bannerman commanded thetroops. The Travancore
troops too joined theBritish. On 1 September 1799, an ultimatumwas
served on Kattabomman to surrender.
Kattabomman’s “evasive reply” promptedBannerman to attack his fort. Bannerman
moved
his entire army to Panchalamkurichi on 5September. They cut off all the
communicationsto the fort. Bannerman deputed Ramalinganar12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024
toconveymessageaskingKattabommantosurrender.Kattabommanrefused.Ramalinganar
gathered all the secrets of theFort, and on the basis of his report,
Bannerman
decided the strategy of the operation. In a clashat
Kallarpatti, Sivasubramanianar was taken aprisoner.Despite the
suppression of Kattabomman’srevolt in 1799, rebellion broke out again in
1800.In the British records it is referred to as the
Second
Palayakarar War. It was directed by aconfederacy consisting of Marudhu
Pandyan ofSivagangai, Gopala Nayak of Dindugal,12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024 KeralaVerma of Malabar
and Krishnappa Nayakand Dhoondaji of Mysore. In April 1800 they
meet
at Virupachi and decided to organise anuprising against the Company. The
uprising,which broke out in Coimbatore in June 1800,soon spread to
Ramanathapuram and Madurai.The Company got wind of it and declared war
on
Krishnappa Nayak of Mysore, Kerala Varmaof Malabar and others. The
Palayakars ofCoimbatore, Sathyamangalam and Tarapuramwere caught and
hanged.
12th class Half Yearly Exam Question Papers and Answers Keys Download 2023 - 2024
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