In the aftermath of the Battle of Plassey(Palashi) (1757), when the Company embarkedon its career of expansion, it established the system of dual government. Under thissystem, everything was sought to be done bythe Company’s servants in the name of some powerless and dependent prince. In theory theCompany was only the diwan (the collectorof revenue), but in practice it exercised full 11std economic lesson plan tamil medium11std economic lesson plan pdf download11std economic lesson plan pdf authority. This authority was asserted by therefusal to continue the payment of annual tributeto the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II promisedby Clive. Cornwallis even stopped affirming obedience in letters to the emperor. Welleslecarried matters further with his objective oestablishing British predominance through hisSubsidiary Alliance System. Wellesley madsubsidiary alliances with the three of the major States of India: Hyderabad, Poona and Mysore.
Hastings (Moira) who became Governor General in 1813 ordered the removal of the phrase denoting the imperial supremacy from his seal. He refused to meet Emperor Akbar II, unless he waived all authority over the Company’s possessions. But Hastings laid down a policy that the Company was in no way responsiblefor the administration of the Indian States.Thus, under the Subsidiary System, each Prince was secure on his throne, notwithstandingthe discontent of his people or by his jealousneighbours. In regions such as Kathiawar and Central India, divided among a great numberof petty chiefs, the Company’s close supervisionbecame indispensable for prompt action. The Company army helped the Indianrulers under the Subsidiary system to quell anyrebellion or disturbance11std economic lesson plan tamil medium11std economic lesson plan pdf download11std economic lesson plan pdf within the State. InHyderabad, the authority of the Nizam did notprevail in certain areas, as the Arab troops livedwithout any control. The assistance of British troops helped reduce the Arabs to obedience.In Mysore state the financial management ofthe raja provoked a rebellion in 1830 and the treaty of Wellesley only provided authority forthe Company to interfere. William Bentinck,as Governor General, relieved the raja of all his powers and appointed Mark Cubbonto administer Mysore. In Gwalior, during a minority, the parties at the durbar quarrelled bitterly among themselves. The army of the State passed out of control. Ellenborough moved with a strong army, but the State army resisted. At the battle of Maharajpur, the State army was defeated and new terms of conditions including the limitation of the military forces maintained by it were imposed in 1843. Dalhousie’s new method of annexing territories, Doctrine of Lapse, as we have seen, increased the territories under British domain.Every accession of territory also increased the influence of the Company over the governmentsof the Indian princes.
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