Introduction
• Any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by
living things including humans is called a natural resource.
• Natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, fossil fuels, plants,
wildlife etc.,
• Based on continued availability, the resources are categorised into
two types.
• Renewable resources and Non-renewable resources
Renewable Resources
• Renewable Resources are those
which have natural regeneration
after their utilisation.
• Solar energy, wind energy,
biogas, tidal energy, wave
energy etc. are the renewable
resources
Non- Renewable resources
• Non- Renewable resources are
the sources that cannot be
replaced again after utilisation.
• Coal, petroleum, natural gas etc.
fall under this category.
Minerals
• Mineral is a natural
substance of organic or
inorganic origin with
definite chemical and
physical properties.
• The process of extracting
mineral from the earth is
known as mining.
• The mines near the earth
crust are known as open
pit mines while the deep
mines are known as shaft
mines.
a) Metallic Minerals
1. Iron ore
• Iron ore is the most widely distributed elements of the earth crust,
rarely occurs in a free state.
• It enters into the composition of many rocks and minerals especially
from igneous and metamorphic rocks.
• The total recoverable reserves of iron ore in India are haematite and
magnetite.
• Jharkhand is the leading producer of iron ore with 25% the country’s
production.
2. Manganese
• Manganese is a silvery grey element.
• It is very hard and brittle in nature.
• It is always available in combination with iron, laterite and other
minerals.
• It is an important mineral used for making iron and steel and serves
as basic raw material for alloying.
• It is the most important mineral for making iron and steel.
• Nearly 10 kg manganese is required for manufacturing one ton of
steel.
• It is also used in the manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides,
paints and batteries.
• India is the fifth largest producer of manganese in the world.
3. Copper
• Copper is the first metal that prehistoric man has started using for
many purposes.
• Being flexible, it can be made into utensils of any shape.
• Brass and Bronze are obtained when the copper alloys with zinc and
tin respectively.
• Copper has been commonly used for making cooking utensils and
other objects of common utility.
• In modern days, it is extensively used in vast variety of electrical
machinery, wires and cables.
• Largest reserves of copper ore is in the state of Rajasthan.
Mica
• In ancient time, Mica was used in ayurvedic medicine.
• Mica became very popular with the development of electrical
industry.
• Abhrak is a good quality mica.
• It is translucent, easily splitable into thin sheets, flat, colourless,
elastic and incompressible.
• Mica is used in making of insulating properties, as it withstands high
voltage and has low power loss factor.
• Since it is a non conductor of electricity, it is exclusively used in
electrical goods. It is also used in making of lubricants, medicines,
paints and varnishes.
Limestone
• Limestone is associated with rocks composed of either calcium
carbonate or the double carbonate of calcium and magnesium or
mixture of both.
• Limestone is used in the industries of chemicals for soda ash, caustic
soda, bleaching powder, paper, cement, iron and steel, glass and
fertilizers.
• Limestone is used in the industries of chemicals for soda ash, caustic
soda, bleaching powder, paper, cement, iron and steel, glass and
fertilizers.
Energy Resources
• The resources from which the electricity generated are called energy
resources.
• Electricity is an important component of our life.
• Energy resources can be classified into renewable and non-
renewable.
• Coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear minerals are the sources of
non renewable energy.
• Water, sun light, wind, biogas, tides etc., are the sources of renewable
energy.
Non-Renewable Energy Resources
a) Coal
• Coal is an inflammable organic substance composed mainly of
hydrocarbons.
• Coal is available in the form of sedimentary rocks.
• It is used in the generation of thermal power.
• Since it is a valuable one, it is called as “Black Gold”.
• Based on carbon content, it is classified in to the following types.
Anthracite: 80 to 90%
Bituminous: 60 to 80%
Lignite: 40 to 60%
10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF10th std GEOGRAPHY India Resources and Industries PPT PDF
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