Answer the following in one or two sentences.
1.Give a short note on Archives?
* The place where historical documents are preserved is called the Archives.
* The National Archives of India (NAI) is located in New Delhi.
2.Write about the importance of Coins.
* Coins are a good source to know about administrative history.
* As compared to the literary sources the chances of manipulation are very less in the case of coins. Thus they are an authentic archaeological source.
3.Why Prince Henry is called ‘Henry the Navigator’?
* Prince Henry encouraged his countrymen to take up the adventurous life of exploring the unknown regions of the world.
* So he is called “Henry the Navigator”.
4. Name the important factories established by the Dutch in India.
* After their arrival in India, the Dutch founded their first factory in Masulipatnam,(Andhra Pradesh) in 1605.
* The other important factories in India were Pulicat, Surat, Chinsura, Kasim bazaar, Patna,Nagapatnam, Balasore and Cochin.
5. Mention the trading centers of the English in India.
* Surat, Agra, Ahmadabad & Broach
Answer the following in Detail
1.Give an account of the sources of Modern India.
Source of Modern India:
* The sources of modem India help us to know the political, socio-economic, and cultural developments in the country.
* History can be written with the help of two sources namely,
* Primary Sources
" Secondary Sources
Primary Sources:
* Primary sources are written sources. After the advent of the printing press, numerousbooks were published in different languages.
*Hence, people began to acquire knowledge like art, literature, history, and science.
* Written sources include Literatures, Travel accounts, Diaries, Pamphlets, Auto Biographies, Government Documents & Manuscripts.
Secondary Sources:
*Secondary sources are material sources. Many paintings and statues give us a lot of
*information and the achievement of national leaders and historical personalities.
* Historical buildings like St. Francis Church, St. Louis fort, St. George fort, St. David fort,
*India Gate, Parliament House, President House are different styles and techniques of
Indian architecture.
* Coins are also a good source to know about administrative history and economic history.
2.How did the Portuguese establish their trading centers in India?
* In A.D. 1498, Vasco da Gama reached Calicut, where he was cordially received by King
*Zamorin, the ruler of Calicut. A second Portuguese navigator, Pedro Alvares Cabral,sailed towards India in 1500.
* Vasco da Gama came to India for the second time in 1501 with 20 ships and founded atrading centre at Cannanore.
* One after another, they established factories at Calicut and Cochin.
* Cochin was the first capital of the Portuguese East India Company.
* In 1505, Francisco de Almeida was sent as the first Governor for the Portuguese possessions in India.
* Almeida had the aim of developing the naval power of the Portuguese in India. His policy was known as the “Blue Water Policy”.
*Sultans of Bijapur and Gujarat were also apprehensive of the expansion of Portuguesecontrol of ports which led to an alliance between Egypt, Turkey, and Gujarat against Portuguese invaders.
*The real founder of the Portuguese power in India was Alfonso de Albuquerque whocaptured Goa and established the Portuguese authority over Ormuz in the Persian Gulf.
* During the 16th century, the Portuguese succeeded in capturing Goa, Daman, Diu,Salsette, Bassein, Chaul, and Bombay on the western coast, Hooghly on the Bengal coast,and San Thome on the Madras coast and enjoyed good trade benefits.
3.How did the British establish their trading centers in India?
* The English captain Thomas Best, inflicted a severe defeat over the Portuguese in a navalbattle near Surat.
* The Mughal Emperor Jahangir permitted the English to establish their factory at Surat in1613.
*Captain Nicholas Downton won another decisive victory over the Portuguese in 1614.
* These events enhanced the British prestige at the Mughal court. In 1615, Sir Thomas Roe was sent to Jahangir’s court by King James I of England.
* Before the Departure of Thomas Roe, the English had established their trading centres atSurat, Agra, Ahmadabad, and Broach.
4.How did Lord Wellesley expand the British
The Subsidiary Alliance:
* Lord Wellesley introduced the system of Subsidiary Alliance to bring the princelystates under the control of the British.
* It was the most effective instrument for the expansion of the British territory andpolitical influence in India.
* The princely state was called ‘the protected state’ and the British came to bereferred as ‘the paramount power’.
* It was the duty of the British to safeguard the state from external aggression and tohelp its ruler in maintaining internal peace.Main Features of Subsidiary Alliance:
* An Indian ruler entering into this alliance with the British had to dissolve his ownarmed forces and accept British Forces.
* A British Resident would stay in his capital.
* Towards the maintenance charges of the army, he should make annual payments orcede some territory permanently to the Company.
* All the non – English European officials should be turned out of his state.
* The native ruler should deal with foreign states only through the English Company.
* The British would undertake to defend the state from internal trouble as well asexternal attack
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