Europeans established their political power over Indian subcontinent in the latter half of the eighteenth century. While they were concerned with annexing India, by the beginning of the nineteenth century they were reordering
Indian society. New revenue settlements were made. Influenced by British Utilitarian ideas and evangelicals they also tried to impose their cultural superiority over the Indian people.The cultural hegemony of colonialism
and the rise of humanism brought several changes in the socio-cultural life of the
Indian subcontinent. Modern Tamil Nadu too experienced such a historical transition. Tamil language and culture played a significant role in
their identity construction. The introduction of printing press, linguistic research on Dravidian languages, etc... underpinned the process of
Tamil renaissance. Although religious literature was taken up predominantly for publication in the early years after the advent of printing
technology, things began to change gradually.Works that can be described as secular were taken up for publishing.This caused a reaction among the Indians.
During the nineteenth century, educated Indians from different parts of the country began to feel the humiliation and responded by seeking their socio-cultural identity from their past. However, they understood some merits in the
colonial arguments and were ready to reform. It resulted in the social and religious reform movements in modern India. This particular historical development is also identified as the Indian renaissance.
The cultural hegemony of colonialism and the rise of humanism brought several
changes in the socio-cultural life of the Indian subcontinent. Modern Tamil Nadu too experienced such a historical transition. Tamil language and culture played a significant role in their identity construction. The introduction of
printing press, linguistic research on Dravidian languages, etc... underpinned the process of Tamil renaissance. Although religious literature
was taken up predominantly for publication in the early years after the advent of printing technology, things began to change gradually. Works that can be described as secular were taken up for publishing.
V.G. SuryanarayanaSastri(1870-1903),born near Madurai, wasprofessor of Tamil at
the Madras ChristianCollege. He was one ofthe earliest scholars toidentify the influence of Sanskrit on Tamil, Parithimar Kalaignar and adopted a pure Tamil name for himself:Parithimar Kalaignar. He was the first to argue that Tamil is a classical language, and demanded that the University of Madras should not call Tamil a vernacular language. Influenced by Western literary models, he introduced the sonnet form in Tamil. He also wrote novels and plays, and a number of
essays on science. Tragically, he died at the young age of 33.
10th Std|Social Scienc|Instant Supplementary Exam Qustion Paper and Answer Key|June_2023
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