On 23 June 1757 the Nawab of Bengal Siraj-ud-daulah was defeated by the East India Company at the Battle of Plassey. The battle wasorchestrated by Robert Clive, commander-in-chief of the East India Company, who managed
to get the clandestine support from Mir Jafar,the uncle of Siraj-ud-daulah and the chief of theNawab’s army. Clive was helped by the Jagat Seths (moneylenders from Bengal) who were aggrieved by Siraj-ud-daulah’s policy. Between
1757 and 1760, the company received ₹ 22.5 million from Mir Jafar, who became the new Nawab of Bengal. The same money was later invested to propel the industrial revolution in Britain, which rapidly mechanised the British
textile industry. On the other hand, India was led to the path of de-industrialisation and forced to create a market for the products manufactured in Britain. The plunder of India by the East India Company continued for
another 190 years.
to get the clandestine support from Mir Jafar,the uncle of Siraj-ud-daulah and the chief of theNawab’s army. Clive was helped by the Jagat Seths (moneylenders from Bengal) who were aggrieved by Siraj-ud-daulah’s policy. Between
1757 and 1760, the company received ₹ 22.5 million from Mir Jafar, who became the new Nawab of Bengal. The same money was later invested to propel the industrial revolution in Britain, which rapidly mechanised the British
textile industry. On the other hand, India was led to the path of de-industrialisation and forced to create a market for the products manufactured in Britain. The plunder of India by the East India Company continued for
another 190 years.
In this lesson the story of resistance and avaried range of response against the British rule in the Indian subcontinent from the early and mid-nineteenth century to the early twentieth century are outlined.While the urban elite of India was busy
responding to the western ideas and rationality by engaging in various socio-religious reform movements, a far more aggressive response to the British rule emerged in rural India. The traditional elite and peasantry along with the
tribals revolted. They were not necessarily seeking the removal of British but rather the restoration of the pre-colonial order.
responding to the western ideas and rationality by engaging in various socio-religious reform movements, a far more aggressive response to the British rule emerged in rural India. The traditional elite and peasantry along with the
tribals revolted. They were not necessarily seeking the removal of British but rather the restoration of the pre-colonial order.
a. Restorative rebellions – Agitation of this type relates to attempts to restore old order and old social relations.
b. Religious Movements – Such agitations were led by religious leaders who fought
for the liberation of the local populace by restructuring society on certain religious
principles.
for the liberation of the local populace by restructuring society on certain religious
principles.
c. Social Banditry – The leaders of such movements were considered criminal by
the British and the traditional elite but were looked upon by their people as heroes or champions of their cause.
the British and the traditional elite but were looked upon by their people as heroes or champions of their cause.
d. Mass Insurrection – Usually leaderless and spontaneous uprising.
The East India Company restructured the Mughal revenue system across India in such a manner that it increased the financial burden on the peasants. There was no widespread system of private ownership of the land in pre- British India The practice of letting out and subletting of land complicated the agrarian relations. The zamindar often sublet land to many subordinate lords who in return collected a fixed amount of revenue from the peasant. This increased the tax burden on the peasants.Santhals, scattered in various parts ofeastern India, when forced to move out of theirhomeland during the process of creation ofzamins under Permanent Settlement, clearedthe forest area around the Rajmahal Hills.They were oppressed by the local police and the European officers engaged in the railway construction. Pushed out of their familiar habitat, the Santhals were forced to rely
on the moneylenders for their subsistence.Soon they were trapped in a vicious circle of debt and extortion. Besides this, Santhals also felt neglected under the corrupt British administration and their inability to render justice to their legitimate grievances.
on the moneylenders for their subsistence.Soon they were trapped in a vicious circle of debt and extortion. Besides this, Santhals also felt neglected under the corrupt British administration and their inability to render justice to their legitimate grievances.
10th English Third Revision Exam 2024 Questions
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