•Food is defined as any
substance that people eat and
drink to maintain life and
growth.
•Food security would denote a
person’s ability to eat enough,
stay active and lead a healthy
life.
• The United Nation’s Food and Agriculture
Organisation defines food security as
follows:
“Food security exists when all people, at all
times, have physical, social and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
which meets their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life.”
(FAO, 2009)
• Dr.M.S.Swaminathan, nutrition security is:
“physical, economic and social access to a
balanced diet, safe drinking water,
environmental hygiene, primary health care
and primary education”
• Thus food security for people in a country is not
only dependent on the quantum of food available
but also on the ability of people to purchase/access
food and to stay in appropriate healthy
environment.
• A growing country with a massive population was
perceived to be a potential candidate for revolution.
• The American administration and philanthropic
organisations like Ford Foundation formulated a
plan to increase food production in the country by
introducing High Yielding Varieties (HYV) of wheat
and rice.
• This programme was implemented in select districts
where irrigation was assured.
• The results were promising and the programme wa
• Thus, Green Revolution was born in the country paving way for self-
sufficiency in food grain production.
• Increased food grain production was made possible by an increase
area cultivated with HYV of rice and wheat as also an increase in the
yield of these major cereal crops.
• The food situation has steadily improved over a period of 65 years.
• Area under food grain cultivation has grown to 122 million hectares,
with an increase of fivefold increase in food grain production.
• Yield of food grains has increased four-fold between the time of
independence and at present.
• Tamil Nadu has adopted an ‘Universal’ PDS, the
rest of the states in India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS.
• Under universal PDS all the family ration card
holders are entitled to the supplies from PDS.
• In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are
identified based on certain criteria and given
their entitlements, leaving out the rest.
• Both the Union and the State governments
subsidised the supplies distributed through PDS.
• The level and quantum of subsidy also varied
across states
• Consumer cooperatives play an important
role in the supply of quality goods at
responsible rates to common people.
• There is a three-tier structure of consumer
cooperative societies in India.
• They are primary consumer cooperative
societies.
• This scheme is playing an important role in
food security in India.
• For example out of all fair price shops running
in Tamil Nadu, around 94% are being run by
cooperatives.
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